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The development of standard values for the who drug use prescribing indicators
The development of standard values for the who drug use prescribing indicators. V18I1. Jan 1, 2014 · The development of standard values for the WHO drug admission day prescription was analyzed using the WHO core drug prescribing indicators. com It will promote the development of standards for prescribing, formulating drug policies and improves rational usage of drugs. Though the process of diagnosis and pharmaceutical care is complex, World Health Organization (WHO)/international network for rational use of drugs (INRUD) core drug use indicators investigate drug use to minimize the hazardous effect of the drug and enhance the wise use of scares resources. Isah and Richard Laing and Jonathan D Quick and Abdul F. Aug 22, 2016 · Background Rational medicine use is essential to optimize quality of healthcare delivery and resource utilization. 8) (optimal range = 1. The average number of medicines prescribed per encounter is important to assess if poly-pharmacy is an issue. Furthermore, 67% of the prescribed drugs were listed on Afghanistan's national essential drugs list (EDL), falling below the standard value of 100%. Eval Anal Drug-Use Hosp China. The development of standard values for the WHO drug . Pharmacology reference works and formularies are drug-centred, and although clinical textbooks and reatment guidelines aret Mar 19, 2021 · All of the prescribing indicators developed by the World Health Organization were not consistent with the standard values recommended by the World Health Organization and public health facilities should take appropriate measures for improving the prescription patterns as per the recommendation set by the World Health Organization. Methods This was a descriptive, non-experimental and cross-sectional study. Nov 30, 2010 · How to investigate drug use in health facilities: selected drug use indicators. The value was less than those obtained in the studies conducted by Atif et al. 9 Accordingly, core prescribing, patient care and facility indicators Jun 25, 2021 · Background. Conclusion This novel approach has provided a set of indicators to describe the use of oral dosage forms of medicines given to children, which can be used by researchers as a supplement to the World Health Organization’s drug use indicators when investigating rational use of medicines in children. For the present study, we took the prescribing Oct 20, 2023 · Background Healthcare systems in both developing and developed countries were not free from prescription errors. 2 Essential medicines are those that satisfy the priority healthcare needs of the 936 KEY WORDS: outdoor patient department, prescribing indicators, WHO core drug use indicators, * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: abdulmajeed@bzu. 0–26. The components of core indicators are: prescribing indicator, patient indicator, and facility indicator. 4 In 1993, the WHO in collaboration with the International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) formulated a list of selected indictors to investigate drug use in health facilities. The Index of Rational Drug Prescribing (IRDP) was calculated by adding the index values of all prescribing indicators. 1, 6, 27 Indicators are categorized into prescribing indicators, hospital indicators, patient care indicators, and complementary indicators. This study aimed to assess drug use pattern using the WHO drug use indicators in selected general hospitals in Tigray region, Ethiopia. Nov 6, 2019 · of Rational Use of Drugs prescribing indicators were utilized to measure rational use of drugs with due focus on . Evaluation of basic indicators in outpatient prescriptions and analysis of rationality in drug use. To achieve this objective the WHO in collaboration with the International Network of Ra-tional Use of Drugs (INRUD) has developed core drug use indicators to evaluate and compare practices in health care settings, which includes indicators on pre-scribing, patients-care and health care facilities [12]. pk Latin American May 20, 2021 · To prevent the emergence of antibiotic resistance and its effects on human health, WHO recommends routine monitoring of antibiotic use. edu. The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter or mean was 1. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), rational use of drugs is described “as a state in which medications are received by patients appropriately according to their clinical needs and individual requirements, for an adequate period at the lowest cost. Notably, there has been a lack of studies assessing rational drug prescribing for pediatric patients within Afghanistan's healthcare system. Jan 29, 2021 · The optimal index for all indicators was set as 1, where values closer to 1 indicated rational use. The World HealthOrganization (WHO) standardized and validated core prescribing indicators for evaluating Jul 27, 2021 · Rational use of essential medicines can prevent, treated, or alleviated most leading causes of death and disability in developing countries including Ethiopia. How to investigate drug use in health facilities: selected drug use indicators. 1. Nov 2, 2023 · Notably, 84% of prescriptions included one or more antibiotics, surpassing the WHO standard of <30%. May 7, 2013 · Result. 2009;9(4):280-1. 14718 Corpus ID: 71376956; The Development of Reference Values for the WHO Health Facility Core Prescribing Indicators @article{Isah2001TheDO, title={The Development of Reference Values for the WHO Health Facility Core Prescribing Indicators}, author={A. The aim of this study was to assess drug use pattern at ten primary healthcare centers (PHCCs) of the Bahawalpur district of the Punjab province of Pakistan by employing the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators. This investigation aimed to address this gap by examining drug prescribing patterns at the Indira Gandhi Pediatric Health Institute (IPHI) in . We aim to conduct a systematic review of changes in prescribing patterns in the WHO African region and comparison with WHO indicators in two time periods 1995–2005 and 2006–2015. Among the prescribing indicators, the average number of drugs per encounter was 3. 77. Books may not be much help either. 8 per prescription) and Mashalla et al. 2012;12(4):373-5. In this study, the average number of drugs per encounter was 2. Sep 1, 2021 · Objective: The World Health Organization (WHO) provides standard drug use indicators used globally for drug utilization studies. 92%: Percentage of encounters with an antibiotic prescribed: 100% WHO: How to investigate drug use in health facilities: selected drug use indicators. Hence, this study was planned to assess the drug use pattern using the WHO prescribing indicators in our setup which includes parameters such as the number of drugs prescribed per encounter which measures the degree of polypharmacy, the Jan 6, 2021 · Background:Rational prescribing remains an important component of rational drug use. 6% (optimal value = 100%), the encounters with an antibiotic prescribed were 48. Analysis of basic indicators and rational drug use: review of 6000 outpatient prescriptions. rational prescribing. The study conducted by Sharma and Shweta [8] (1. 6% 11 Cefuroxime 21 3. Following data were analyzed. 8%), the percentage of encounters where an injection was the route May 7, 2013 · Result. Products are ranked in order of DDDs and the number of drugs accounting for 90% of use is the DU90%. May 7, 2013 · Background To promote rational drug use in developing countries, it is important to assess drug use pattern using the World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators. The aim of this study was to assess the drug prescription patterns at the Medical Outpatient Pharmacy of Hawassa University Teaching and Referral Hospital, using some of the WHO core drug use indicators. 1% 13 Amoxicillin 15 2. 6–1. 8), the drugs prescribed by the generic name were 71. 3% 12 Levofloxacin 20 3. In a retrospective cohort study 10 health centres were selected using systematic random sampling. Daohai C, Hua L, Taotao L. 0%), and percentage of Oct 30, 2018 · Background: In order to promote rational drug use in developing countries, assessment of drug use pattern using the World Health Organization drug use indicators is important. See full list on bmcpharmacoltoxicol. 74, 2. Methods A descriptive May 7, 2013 · Background To promote rational drug use in developing countries, it is important to assess drug use pattern using the World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators. 4–24. May 9, 2021 · Medically inappropriate and economically inefficient use of medicines is observed throughout the world. 4 (SD = 0. 5, which is slightly higher when compared to the WHO standard value (WHO value = 2) []. Drugs Reactions (ADRs), development of antimicrobial resistance, waste of resources and economic develop standard drug use indicators (Biswas et al, 2001). Assessment of drug use pattern using WHO prescribing indicators at Hawassa University teaching and referral hospital, south Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. For the Aug 28, 2019 · WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators (prescribing indicators) Data; Average number of drugs per encounter Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name: 4. prescribing (IRDP), which has a Table 1: PPs evaluated based on the WHO prescribing indicators at B1HC, in Batu, Central Ethiopia (n=700). 9 drugs) and Desalegn [11] (1. 4% 9 Amikacin 25 3. 5,6 Drugs are considered an indicator of quality of health care globally as they play a vital role in saving lives. 7 The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed prescribing, health Oct 28, 2021 · The optimal index for all indicators was set as 1, where values closer to 1 indicated rational use. The percentage of encounters in which an antibiotic or injection was prescribed was 58. Jun 25, 2021 · The present study assessed the specific aspects of drug use pattern in a reproducible manner by employing the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators. 91) with a range between 1 and 4. 9 drugs) fulfilled the criteria. O. Rational drug prescribing is the use of the minimum number of drugs to obtain the best possible effect in the shortest period at a reasonable cost. According to the estimation of the World Health Organization (WHO), greater than 50% of medicines are prescribed and dispensed irrationally. 41: Percentage of total drugs prescribed by generic name: 41. Apr 27, 2020 · Ensuring rational drug use requires that there is ongoing evaluation of drug prescribing, dispensing, and use by patients. 1 Anteneh Assefa Desalegn: Assessment of drug use pattern using WHO prescribing indicators at Hawassa University teaching and referral hospital, south Ethiopia: a crosssectional study: BMC Health Services Research 2013; 13:170 Oct 27, 2021 · It is critical to assess drug use patterns in developing countries using World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators in order to promote rational drug use. 1:1–87 policies on drug prescribing practices in the affected institutions. 8), the percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name (optimal value 100%), the percentage of encounters where an antibiotic was prescribed (optimal value 20. Jan 31, 2022 · Introduction. The average number of drugs ordered per prescription in our study area is 1. Nov 2, 2018 · Evaluating the rational use of drugs prescribed in the obesity outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital by using WHO prescribing indicators demonstrated that the prescribing indicators were appropriate as compared to WHO standard values, but parameters such as the percentage of drugs diagnosed with a generic name and the percentage prescribed from essential drug list was quite far from WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicators that were selected for this study are as follows: Average number of drugs prescribed per encounter (standard value 1. 8%), the percentage of encounters where an injection was the route Jan 1, 2017 · Drug utilization study as defined by the WHO, is a structured process which is used to assess the quality of drug therapy by engaging in the evaluation of data on drug prescribing, dispensing, and International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) criteria to assess the performance of the same PHCCs in terms of patient care and facility-specific drug use indicators. Drug use evaluation is a structured, methodological, and World Health Organization. DOI: 10. [] (2. This study was carried out to evaluate the prescription rationality and drug prescribing Indicators of drug use Value WHO optimal values Average number of medicines per encounter 2. Methods Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, Africa-Wide Nipad Jan 29, 2017 · Hua L, Hongwei W, Danyang W. Desalegn AA. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1993. 9% 10 Cefotaxime 23 3. WHO standard Dec 8, 2016 · Results. However, evaluation of drug use is not an easy task, as the use of drugs is influenced by many factors that are often difficult to measure and quantify (Bachhav and Kshirsagar, 2015). 51, and 1. Nevertheless, a number of tools have Jan 30, 2017 · Results revealed that two core prescribing indicators were not following the standard values specified by the WHO; the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter (3. Dec 15, 2018 · Moreover, the index of rational drug prescribing, index of rational patient-care drug use, and index of rational facility-specific drug use were 3. 1993, Geneva: WHO/DAP/93. Only 35. 2013;13:170. WHO/DAP/93. This indicator measures the number of drugs accounting for 90% of the use in DDDs. The Index of Rational Drug Prescribing (IRDP) was calculated for the different disciplines by adding the index values of all prescribing indicators. 8 medications Dec 8, 2016 · Background Proper utilization of medicines is a critical component of pharmaceutical care plan. 8%), percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name (standard value 100. Therefore, this review aimed to determine the drug prescription The Drug Utilization 90% (DU90%) indicator has been proposed as a means of focusing on the most commonly used drugs (1). 8), percentage of encounters with an antibiotic prescribed (standard value 20. Hogerzeil Key words: drug use; WHO; prescribing indicators; reference values; Nigeria Résumé Notre étude donne les grandes lignes d'une méthode servant à développer des valeurs de références pour les indicateurs de L'Organisation Mondiale pour la Santé (WHO) qui prescrivent les noyaux. If drug prescription practices are inappropriate, need to examine the patterns of drug use is necessary to change prescribing patterns accordingly. 6‑1. 1%) and the drugs Feb 19, 2021 · To improve the overall drug use practices, international agencies like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Network for the rational use of drugs (INRUD) have developed, standardized and evaluated several indicators, despite the complexity of drug use. Nov 8, 2016 · The prescribing indicators include; the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter (optimal value 1. Biola Mabadeje and Budiono Santoso and Hans V. 1993. 3% prescribing behaviour of their clinical teachers, or existing standard treatment guidelines, without explanation as to why certain treatments are chosen. The value was slightly higher than the WHO standard (1. Common types of irrational medicine use are: • the use of too many medicines per patient (poly- pharmacy); • inappropriate use of antimicrobials, often in inad- equate dosage, for non-bacterial infections; •over-use of injections when oral formulations would be more appropriate; •failure to prescribe in accordance with clinical guidelines; •inap Jun 25, 2021 · Though the process of diagnosis and pharmaceutical care is complex, World Health Organization (WHO)/international network for rational use of drugs (INRUD) core drug use indicators investigate drug use to minimize the hazardous effect of the drug and enhance the wise use of scares resources. Mar 19, 2021 · The average number of drugs per prescription was 2. 01, respectively. 1% of the prescribed drugs were in generic form, also lower than the recommended 100%. The purpose of this research was to evaluate drug prescription patterns and the extent of rational prescribing in Tirana, Albania. The aim of this study was to assess the drug prescription patterns at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, using some of the World Health Organization core drug Nov 8, 2016 · The prescribing indicators include; the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter (optimal value 1. The development of reference values for the WHO health facility core prescribing indicators AO Isah, R Laing, J Quick, AFB Mabadeje, B Santoso, H Hogerzeil, West African Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Research 18, 6-11 , 2001 Oct 9, 2019 · On the other hand, polypharmacy, injectable prescribing, use of brand name, and prescribing drugs in the Essential Drugs List were not found to be a significant problem in this study, though there was a slight deviation in comparison to the standard values recommended by WHO. 9% (optimal range = 20. 9 (SD 0. This objective will be achieved by measuring prescribing indicators such as average number of drugs prescribed, percentage of generic drugs, antibiotics, injections, and drugs prescribed from essential drug list (EDL). According to the WHO prescribing indicators, Figure 1 shows the number of injectable drugs prescribed per encounter at B1HC, in which out of the 700 PPs evaluated, about 618 PPs were with no injectable drug. 5 The WHO/INRUD Oct 15, 2020 · To improve the overall drug use practices, international agencies like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Network for the rational use of drugs (INRUD) have developed, standardized and evaluated several indicators, despite the complexity of drug use. Nov 2, 2023 · The global issue of irrational drug use, particularly concerning pediatric patients, is a significant concern. 1% (n = 491), respectively. On the other hand, research on drug use patterns in the private Oct 20, 2023 · The WHO core drug use indicators and prescription completeness were used in this study to assess prescription completeness and drug use indicators in private community pharmacies serving Lemi-Kura sub-city in Addis Ababa. Oct 27, 2021 · Assessment of drug use pattern is used to identify gaps in medicine utilisation to implement strategies for promoting rational drug use. We measured some features of health care facilities that im-pact on rational drug prescribing and some aspects of patient care that reflect Mar 19, 2021 · Background Drug use evaluation is a structured, methodological, and criteria-based drug assessment system that helps to evaluate the actual trend of drug use in a particular setting. [] in Botsawna (2. ”[] The consequences of irrational drug use include polypharmacy, increased use of branded drugs, increased drug costs per Apr 1, 2018 · The optimal value set by WHO is less than 2. This study aimed to measure the drug prescribing performance of primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia, using the WHO/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs core drug prescribing indicators. agencies like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Network for the rational use of drugs (INRUD) have applied themselves to evolve standard drug use indicators [5]. This systematic review examines and reports the drug utilization profiles captured by individual drug utilization studies conducted in India's different states using World Health Organization prescribing indicators. biomedcentral. BMC Health Serv Res. Jan 1, 2001 · While the derived standard values for the WHO prescribing indicators as developed from a study in Nigeria, for the average number of drugs per encounter or patient is estimated at an average of 1. 16 3 I 40 2018 281 8 Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid 28 4. 8 drugs per prescription), and similar to the one in the study reported by Mamo and Alemu[] (2. 5% 100% Nov 27, 2020 · One method to promote rational drug use is the assessment of drug prescribing patterns based on drug use indicators. 1% (n = 749) and 38. Rational drug use requires that patients receive and take medication appropriately. 8) [5, 26]. 5%: Percentage of antimicrobial prescribed by generic name: 11. 8%), the encounters with an injection prescribed were 27. 9 Accordingly, core prescribing, patient care and facility indicators Aug 11, 2020 · Data were collected following the pre-tested structured questionnaire and standard antibiotic prescribing indicators generated by the WHO, and we used a questionnaire adapted from similar studies. 1% (optimal range = 13. 8 Percentage of prescriptions with generic name 87. 4314/WAJPDR. 5 1. One of the effects of prescription errors is irrational prescribing. 5 per prescription). The prescribing indicators just like all the core drug use indicators are standardized and do not require country, regional or health facility adaptation making for easy comparison.
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